Abstract
One of the main design challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is achieving a high-data-rate transmission for individual sensor devices. The high altitude platform (HAP) is an important communication relay platform for WSNs and next-generation wireless networks. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques provide the diversity and multiplexing gain, which can improve the network performance effectively. In this paper, a virtual MIMO (V-MIMO) model is proposed by networking multiple HAPs with the concept of multiple assets in view (MAV). In a shadowed Rician fading channel, the diversity performance is investigated. The probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. In addition, the average symbol error rate (ASER) with BPSK and QPSK is given for the V-MIMO model. The system capacity is studied for both perfect channel state information (CSI) and unknown CSI individually. The ergodic capacity with various SNR and Rician factors for different network configurations is also analyzed. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the performance analysis. It is shown that the performance of the HAPs network in WSNs can be significantly improved by utilizing the MAV to achieve overlapping coverage, with the help of the V-MIMO techniques.
Highlights
High altitude platforms (HAPs) are considered to be a novel solution for providing telecommunications services for a wide range of smart wireless sensor network (WSN) devices [1].In recent years, they have attracted the attention of the telecommunications community [2]
The diversity performance is investigated in a shadowed Rician fading, which consists of probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), average symbol error rate (ASER) with BPSK and QPSK
The numerical results are provided which illustrate our previously stated analytical expressions for the diversity performance of the HAP constellations over V-Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) shadowed Rician fading channels
Summary
High altitude platforms (HAPs) are considered to be a novel solution for providing telecommunications services for a wide range of smart wireless sensor network (WSN) devices [1]. In recent years, they have attracted the attention of the telecommunications community [2]. Distributed antenna techniques can be introduced to a HAP constellation to form a distributed virtual multiple-input single-output (V-MISO) or virtual MIMO (V-MIMO) HAP network, which will further improve diversity performance to overcome obstruction by buildings and other tall objects, and strengthen the spectrum utilization and reliability of the user data transmission [15]
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