Abstract
The paper investigates seed coat characteristics (as a percentage of overall seed diameter) in Lupinus angustifolius L., a potential forage crop. In the study ten L. angustifolius genotypes, including three Polish cultivars, two Australian cultivars, three mutants originated from cv. ‘Emir’, and one Belarusian and one Australian breeding line were evaluated. The highest seed coat percentage was recorded in cultivars ‘Sonet’ and ‘Emir’. The lowest seed coat thickness percentage (below 20%) was noted for breeding lines 11257-19, LAG24 and cultivar ‘Zeus’ (17.87%, 18.91% 19.60%, respectively). Despite having low seed weight, the Australian line no. 11257-19 was characterized by a desirable proportion of seed coat to the weight of seeds. In general, estimation of the correlation coefficient indicated a tendency that larger seeds had thinner coats. Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed low variation of seed coat sculpture and the top of seeds covered with a cuticle. Most of the studied genotypes were characterized by a cristatepapillate seed coat surface, formed by elongated polygonal cells. Only breeding line no. 11267-19 had a different shape of the cells building the surface layer of the coat. In order to illustrate genetic diversity among the genotypes tested, 24 ISSR primers were used. They generated a total of 161 polymorphic amplification products in 10 evaluated narrow-leaved lupin genotypes.
Highlights
Besides the yellow lupin Lupinus luteus, the narrow-leaved lupin (NLL) L. angustifolius is the main lupin species currently cultivated in Poland and world-wide
The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability of selected genotypes of lupin in terms of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) structure of the seed coat and its thickness, thousand seed weight and genetic diversity at the DNA level based on the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
Based on the Duncan test, these genotypes were classified to one uniform group; simultaneously, these forms were distinguishable by the smallest seeds of the whole group under analysis
Summary
Besides the yellow lupin Lupinus luteus, the narrow-leaved lupin (NLL) L. angustifolius is the main lupin species currently cultivated in Poland and world-wide. As compared with the yellow or white lupine Lupinus albus, the narrow-leaved lupin has grown in importance during the recent years due to its improved yield, lowered seed alkaloid level and acquisition through selection of forms characterized by field tolerance to anthracnose [1,2]. Since the 1980s the narrow-leaved lupin has been playing the most important role in Australia, where it is mainly cultivated as a crop in rotation with cereals or used as forage for feeding sheep, pigs and poultry. Thanks to mixed sowing of different lupin species with cereal plants, especially with the spring triticale, and their use as intercropping or green forage, lupins are increasingly popular in modern agriculture [2,4]. While already highly valuable, cultivated lupins have some characters that should be improved through breeding
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