Abstract
Variation in productivity traits and their correlations were studied in 16 hybrid lines of <em>Aegilops kotschyi</em> Boiss. and <em>A. variabilis</em> Eig. with <em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. and their parental components. In comparison to the wheat cultivars, most of the hybrid lines exhibited higher tillering, whereas the length of the main tiller and spike rachis were similar to the values for the wheat cultivars. The values of other traits, such as basal stem diameter, main spike density, fertility, and a 1,000-grain weight in hybrid lines were varied. In some lines, the value of these traits was higher or similar to that of wheat cultivars, whereas in others it was lower. Among the hybrids, [(<em>A. kotschyi</em> × ‘Rusałka’) × ‘Begra’] × ‘Turnia’ was distinguished in having the greatest basal stem diameter, longest spikes, highest fertility, and greatest 1,000-grain weight. The hybrid lines exhibited greater variation in the analyzed traits than did the wheat cultivars. In the hybrid lines, the main tiller length and basal stem diameter were positively correlated with fertility and 1,000-grain weight, whereas in wheat cultivars there were negative correlations for these traits. The results confirmed that wide hybrids can be used to eliminate the negative correlations between productivity traits in wheat. Analysis of clusters in terms of productivity traits provided information on the similarity and diversity of hybrid lines, which may prove useful in their further selection.
Highlights
Genetic diversity in wheat is essential for successful genetic improvement breeding programs and the creation of new genotypes
The research material consisted of 16 hybrid lines of A. kotschyi Boiss. and A. variabilis Eig. with the common wheat T. aestivum L. and their parental components (Table 1)
The hybrid lines were compared with the parental forms
Summary
Genetic diversity in wheat is essential for successful genetic improvement breeding programs and the creation of new genotypes. The success of a breeding program depends on the genetic variability of quantitative traits present in the plant material The influence of such traits on wheat fertility is a frequent subject of analysis (Aharizad et al, 2012; Alemu et al, 2018; Pasandi et al, 2015). Cluster analysis can be used to identify genotypes that can be divided into major groups based on similarity indicators This information is essential in choosing forms in the selection process (Aharizad et al, 2012; Alemu et al, 2018; Pasandi et al, 2015)
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