Abstract
This study aimed to describe the sand fly fauna and detect trypanosomatids in these insects from Casa Branca, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an endemic area of both visceral (VL) and tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Sand flies were collected bimonthly from May 2013 to July 2014, using automatic light traps exposed for three consecutive nights in peridomiciliary areas of nine houses with previous reports of VL and TL. ITS1-PCR and DNA sequencing were performed for trypanosomatids identification. A total of 16,771 sand flies were collected belonging to 23 species. The most abundant species was Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (70.9%), followed by Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (15.2%) and Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920) (9.1%). Leishmania amazonensis DNA was detected in Ny. whitmani (four pools) and Le. braziliensis DNA was detected in Psychodopygus lloydi (one pool). In seven pools of Ny. whitmani and in one pool of Lu. longipalpis positive for Leishmania DNA, the parasite species was not determined due to the low quality of the sequences. Moreover, DNA of Herpetomonas spp. was detected in Ny. whitmani (two pools) and Cortelezzii complex (one pool). DNA of Crithidia spp. was detected in Ny. whitmani and Ps. lloydi (both one pool). Our results suggest that Ny. whitmani may be involved in the transmission of Le. amazonensis in the study area. The molecular detection of Le. amazonensis suggests the presence of this species in a sylvatic cycle between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in the region of Casa Branca. Our data also reveal the occurrence of other non-Leishmania trypanosomatids in sand flies in Casa Branca District.
Highlights
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are known to be natural hosts of etiological agents such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa [1,2]
This study aimed to describe the sand fly fauna, detect and identify by molecular assay the presence of trypanosomatids in females sand flies from Casa Branca
It is extremely important to investigate the presence of trypanosomatids in Casa Branca and their association with the sand fly fauna. This is the first study of a sand fly fauna in the municipality of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais
Summary
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are known to be natural hosts of etiological agents such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa [1,2]. Among these agents, are species of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted during blood feeding by female sand flies [1]. Phlebotomine sand flies and trypanosomatids in Minas Gerais. Tecnologico (www.cnpq.br) JDAF - PPM-00792-18 Fundacão de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (www.fapemig.br) AT - Finance Code 001 Coordenacão de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nıvel Superior (www.capes.gov.br). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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