Diversity of pea-associated F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides populations revealed by FUM1 sequence analysis and fumonisin biosynthesis.

Agnieszka Waśkiewicz,Karolina Wilman,Lukasz Stępień,Piotr Kachlicki

doi:10.3390/toxins5030488

Agnieszka Waśkiewicz, Karolina Wilman + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins5030488

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Abstract

Fusarium proliferatum and F. verticillioides are considered as minor pathogens of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Both species can survive in seed material without visible disease symptoms, but still contaminating it with fumonisins. Two populations of pea-derived F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides strains were subjected to FUM1 sequence divergence analysis, forming a distinct group when compared to the collection strains originating from different host species. Furthermore, the mycotoxigenic abilities of those strains were evaluated on the basis of in planta and in vitro fumonisin biosynthesis. No differences were observed in fumonisin B (FB) levels measured in pea seeds (maximum level reached 1.5 μg g−1); however, in rice cultures, the majority of F. proliferatum genotypes produced higher amounts of FB1–FB3 than F. verticillioides strains.

Highlights

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the major legume crops, which are bred mainly for their high content of proteins present in pea seeds [1] and their valuable amino acid composition
The main aim of this study was to analyze the sequence divergences of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha and FUM1 genes in two populations of F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides originating from several Polish pea varieties, compared to the collection strains of both species obtained from different host species
Each genotype was grown in four replicates and two distinct localities in Central Poland: Radzików and Wiatrowo

Summary

Introduction

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the major legume crops, which are bred mainly for their high content of proteins present in pea seeds [1] and their valuable amino acid composition. F. verticillioides should not be overlooked as both species are able to produce efficiently a group of the most dangerous Fusarium mycotoxins—fumonisins [7,8,9,10]. They are a family of polyketide derivatives, structurally related to sphinganine, compounds disrupting sphingolipid metabolism, causing different toxicological effects in humans, animals, as well as plants [7]. The most abundant fumonisin produced in nature is fumonisin B1 (FB1), a suspected risk factor for esophageal [11] and liver [12] cancers, neural tube defects [13] and cardiovascular problems [14]. Taking into consideration the available toxicological evidence, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified FB1 as probably carcinogenic to humans (class 2B carcinogen) [15]

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