Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and community structure of metazoan parasites in sympatric populations of Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus in the Jari River basin, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. All the specimens of T. angulatus and T. auritus examined were infected by Anacanthorus furculus, Anacanthorus pithophallus, Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Rhabdochona acuminata, Contracaecum sp., Ergasilus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. These parasites displayed aggregated or random dispersion. The parasite community in T. angulatus and T. auritus presented a similarity of 78%. The diversity indice and richness of parasite species were greater in T. auritus and there were differences in levels of host parasite infection for some infracommunities. Phyllodistomum spatula occurred only in T. angulatus, while metacercariae of Clinostomum marginatum and Digenea gen. sp.2 occurred only in T. auritus. The species richness of the parasites was influenced by host size, as well as the abundance of some parasite infracommunities. This is the first report of these parasites for T. angulatus and T. auritus, except for P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. for T. angulatus.
Highlights
The Jari River basin is located in the division between the south of the state of Amapá and the north of the state of Pará, in the north of Brazil
All specimens of T. angulatus and T. auritus examined (100%) were infected with one or more species of parasites, and a total of 2,410 parasites were collected. Both the hosts were parasitized by Anacanthorus furculus (Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992), Anacanthorus pithophallus (Kritsky, Boeger & Van Every, 1992), Digenea gen. sp.1; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928), Rhabdochona acuminata (Molin, 1860), Contracaecum sp., Ergasilus sp. e Acarina gen.sp
Parasite communities in sympatric hosts with similar ecology and which are phylogenetically related tend to be structured in a similar manner (Muñoz et al, 2006; Oliveira et al, 2016; Hoshino et al, 2016; Santos-Bustos et al, 2018), especially when the diets of these hosts overlap in the environment
Summary
The Jari River basin is located in the division between the south of the state of Amapá and the north of the state of Pará, in the north of Brazil. Its source is found in the Serra do Tumucumaque mountain range on the border between Brazil and French Guiana, and it is approximately 800 km long, with its mouth on the Amazon River to the south of the state of Amapá It has a clear water basin system, and the region is comprised of tropical rainforest (EPE, 2010). Triportheus angulatus is distributed in the Amazon and Essequibo River basins, while T. auritus is more widely distributed, and is found in the Amazon, Essequibo, Tocantins, and Araguaia river basins, and on the Ilha de Trindade (Trindade Island) (Lima et al, 2003; Lasso & Sánchez-Duarte, 2011; Malabarba, 2004; Froese & Pauly, 2021). Triportheus angulatus and T. auritus (Ponte et al, 2016; Goulding et al, 2018) are consumed in the Amazon basin, and are species whose biology has been little studied, notably their parasite diversity and communities
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