Abstract
Biocontrol fungi (BFs) play a key role in regulation of pest populations. BFs produce multiple non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) and other secondary metabolites that interact with pests, plants and microorganisms. NRPs—including linear and cyclic peptides (L-NRPs and C-NRPs)—are small peptides frequently containing special amino acids and other organic acids. They are biosynthesized in fungi through non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs). Compared with C-NRPs, L-NRPs have simpler structures, with only a linear chain and biosynthesis without cyclization. BFs mainly include entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, that are used to control insect pests and phytopathogens in fields, respectively. NRPs play an important role of in the interactions of BFs with insects or phytopathogens. On the other hand, the residues of NRPs may contaminate food through BFs activities in the environment. In recent decades, C-NRPs in BFs have been thoroughly reviewed. However, L-NRPs are rarely investigated. In order to better understand the species and potential problems of L-NRPs in BFs, this review lists the L-NRPs from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, summarizes their sources, structures, activities and biosynthesis, and details risks and utilization prospects.
Highlights
Biocontrol fungi (BFs) play an important role in the control of agricultural and forestry pests
L-non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) have antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiviral or anticancer properties peptide chains composed of multiple amino acids often modified by different fat chains or multiple amino acids often modified by different fat chains or non-protein amino acids
There were 14 L-NRPs found in mycoparasitic fungi mainly in the genus of Trichoderma and
Summary
Biocontrol fungi (BFs) play an important role in the control of agricultural and forestry pests. Secondary metabolites produced by BFs mainly include polyketides (PKs), terpenes and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs). J. Fungi 2020, 6, x FOR PEER REVIEW fatty acids, heterocyclic compounds, glycosylated or phosphorylated structures [6]. L-NRPs hav fatty acids, heterocyclic glycosylated or phosphorylated structures [6]. Due to lack of cyclization, L-NRPs have peptide chains composed of non-protein amino acids. L-NRPs have antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiviral or anticancer properties peptide chains composed of multiple amino acids often modified by different fat chains or multiple amino acids often modified by different fat chains or non-protein amino acids. There are numerous studies and reviews on fungal non-ribosomal synthases and cyclic peptides [7 non-protein amino acids. As the agricultural and medical importance of BFs, it is necessary to investigate biosynthesis, well as their potential risks.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
