Abstract
The current media studies of COVID-19 devote asymmetrical attention to social media; in contrast, newspapers have received comparatively less attention. Newspapers are an integral source of current information that are syndicated and amplified by social media to a wide global audience. This is one of the first known studies to operationalize news media diversity and examine its association with cultural values during the pandemic. We tracked the global diversity of COVID-19 coverage in a news media database of 12 billion words, collated from 28 million articles over 7000 news websites, across 8 months. Media diversity was measured weekly by the number of unique descriptors of 10 target terms of the pandemic (e.g., COVID-19, coronavirus) and normalized by the corpus size for the respective countries per week. Government Stringency was taken from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker and cultural scores were taken from Hofstede’s Cultural Values global database. Results showed that Media Diversity Rate increased 6.7 times over 8 months, from the baseline period (October–December 2019) to during the pandemic (January–May 2020). Mixed effects modelling revealed that higher COVID-19 prevalence rates and governmental stringency predicted this increase. Interestingly, collectivist cultures are linked to more diverse media coverage during COVID-19. It is possible that news outlets in collectivist societies are motivated to present a diverse array of topics given the impact of COVID-19 on every segment of society. Of broader significance, we provided a framework to design targeted public health communications that are culturally nuanced.
Highlights
We found that government stringency and pandemic severity predicted media diversity
Our study explored the relationship between media diversity about the pandemic and its underlying cultural values
We demonstrated how Hofstede’s framework can be applied to media diversity, higher collectivism was related to higher media diversity
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted multiple facets of society. News media outlets responded by producing a plethora of topics related to the pandemic. Studies of mass media have revealed a rich diversity of news frames of COVID-19 [1,2], but there is a dearth of investigations that explore underlying mechanisms responsible for the diversity in the way COVID-19 is presented in these forms of media. We fill this gap and expand the knowledge of media communication theories and practices by introducing a cultural perspective
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