Abstract
ABSTRACT To evaluate the fungal diversity in the Pirarungaua stream reopened after remaining channeled about 40 years in the Botanical Garden of São Paulo, Brazil, two experiments in the cold and dry season and two in the hot and rainy season were performed. Leaves of Tibouchina pulchra Cogn and mixed leaf litter were confined in nylon litter bags, submerged and collected monthly, together with free leaf litter samples. Some abiotic factors were measured in the water. The leaves were fragmented, incubated in sterile water at 22 ºC and microscopically analyzed. We identified 33 conidial fungal taxa, among which, 23 are new to this area. Comparing seasons, the similarity of the mycota of confined T. pulchra leaves corresponded to 39% and to 56% regarding the confined mixed leaf litter. Similarities of 48-50% occurred between the mycota of confined and free leaf litter samples. Confined leaves showed a tendency to support higher numbers of species, whereas some rare fungi like Ulocoryphus mastigophorus Michaelides L. Hunter & W.B Kendr were more frequent in free leaf litter. Based on the results, it is recommended to monitor the limnological conditions of the stream and to promote awareness among the local population and visitors about the importance of a water body, even artificial, for the establishment of microclimatic features, and for the biodiversity of fungi.
Highlights
According to former research reports of the Botanical Garden in São Paulo, Brazil (Hoehne 1943), the Pirarungaua stream joins with the Córrego dos Simões stream, forming the River Ipiranga, whose importance lies in the historical fact that the independence of the country was declared on its margins in the nineteenth century
The aquatic mycota of the State Park Fontes do Ipiranga - PEFI, where the Botanical Garden is located, is fairly well known and studies about fungal succession on leaves of Ficus microcarpa L. and Tibouchina pulchra Cogn. (Schoenlein-Crusius & Milanez 1989, Moreira 2006), surveys of aquatic facultatives and ingoldian fungi in mixed litter collected from different water bodies with several levels of eutrophication, in dry, cold and rainy and hot seasons (Schoenlein-Crusius et al 2009)
The present study proposes to add new knowledge about the diversity and richness of conidial fungi, which approaches aquatic facultatives and ingoldian fungi, taking the opportunity to study, during a revitalization process, a stream that is increasingly integrating nature
Summary
According to former research reports of the Botanical Garden in São Paulo, Brazil (Hoehne 1943), the Pirarungaua stream joins with the Córrego dos Simões stream, forming the River Ipiranga, whose importance lies in the historical fact that the independence of the country was declared on its margins in the nineteenth century. (Schoenlein-Crusius & Milanez 1989, Moreira 2006), surveys of aquatic facultatives and ingoldian fungi in mixed litter collected from different water bodies with several levels of eutrophication, in dry, cold and rainy and hot seasons (Schoenlein-Crusius et al 2009). Zoosporic organisms were studied in several taxonomic surveys in the Botanical Garden of São Paulo (Milanez et al 2007, Pires-Zottarelli & Rocha 2007); most recently including free mixed litter collected in the Pirarungaua stream (Jesus et al 2013). The present study proposes to add new knowledge about the diversity and richness of conidial fungi, which approaches aquatic facultatives and ingoldian fungi, taking the opportunity to study, during a revitalization process, a stream that is increasingly integrating nature. Some abiotic factors are presented as first measurements in the reopened lotic system
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