Abstract
The Lublin region, one of the main agricultural regions in Poland, has very favorable conditions for agricultural production but the development of the agricultural sector has been very slow there. This is due, among other factors, to the extensive farming used on large areas and the fragmentation of fields with numerous fragments of natural ecosystems. In Lublin Province, cereals comprise the highest proportion of the crop structure, especially wheat, but farmers also often cultivate maize, oilseed rape, sugar beet, and legumes for consumption. The biological diversity of agricultural areas is enhanced by growing traditional plant species and varieties. Crop species are accompanied by segetal weeds, sometimes very expansive, sometimes rare and endangered by extinction. In recent years, the following have been the dominant weed species in the region’s crop fields: <em>Galium aparine</em>, <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em>, <em>Papaver rhoeas</em>, <em>Viola arvensis</em>, and <em>Veronica persica</em>. However, there are several locations of occurrence of <em>Muscari comosum</em> (a strictly protected species) and the following unique species: <em>Adonis aestivalis</em>, <em>Anthemis tinctoria</em>, <em>Caucalis platycarpos</em>, <em>Galium tricornutum</em>, and <em>Thymelaea passerina</em>. In Lublin Province, there are many organic farms which contribute to the significant diversity of agricultural plant communities. In this review, we also indicate the biocoenotic role of weeds and their importance in the proper maintenance of agroecosystems and ecosystem services.
Highlights
Agriculture is one of the main branches of the economy in Lublin Province, Poland
The biological diversity of agricultural areas in the Lublin region is enhanced by growing traditional plant species and varieties as well as by keeping local livestock breeds which are a source of genetic variation
Kapeluszny and Haliniarz [26] included the following in their list of other expansive species found in the Lublin region area: Elymus repens, Echinochloa crusgalli, Setaria pumila, Viola arvensis, Galium aparine, Amaranthus retroflexus, Agrostis stolonifera ssp. stolonifera, Chenopodium album, Galinsoga parviflora, and G. ciliata
Summary
Agriculture is one of the main branches of the economy in Lublin Province, Poland. Agricultural lands occupy 55.2% of this region’s total area and amongst the economically active people as many as 42.8% are involved in agriculture. The Lublin region has very favorable environmental conditions for the development of this branch of the economy. In spite of such beneficial circumstances, the development of the agricultural sector has been very slow. Small farms with extensive agronomic practices are, accompanied by numerous ecologically distinct units such as field margins, roadsides, midfield ponds, and tree stands, ditches and fallows. The specificity of such economic conditions has had a positive impact on the floristic diversity.
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