Abstract
Breast disease is one of the critical diseases that plague females, as is known, breast cancer has high mortality, despite significant pathophysiological progress during the past few years. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are needed to break the stalemate. An organ-on-chip approach is considered due to its ability to repeat the real conditions found in the body on microfluidic chips, offsetting the shortcomings of traditional 2D culture and animal tests. In recent years, the organ-on-chip approach has shown diversity, recreating the structure and functional units of the real organs/tissues. The applications were also developed rapidly from the laboratory to the industrialized market. This review focuses on breast tumor-on-a-chip approaches concerning the diversity models and applications. The models are summarized and categorized by typical biological reconstitution, considering the design and fabrication of the various breast models. The breast tumor-on-a-chip approach is a typical representative of organ chips, which are one of the precedents in the market. The applications are roughly divided into two categories: fundamental mechanism research and biological medicine. Finally, we discuss the prospect and deficiencies of the emerging technology. It has excellent prospects in all of the application fields, however there exist some deficiencies for promotion, such as the stability of the structure and function, and uniformity for quantity production.
Highlights
Breast disease is a serious factor threatening women’s health, such as hyperplasia, fibroadenosis, fibroadenomas, benign tumor and carcinoma
We will provide a detailed discussion on the diversity models and application of breast tumor-on-a-chip in recent decades, with a special focus on the structures, fabrications, approaches, and the applications in biological medicine
Wong et al [43] developed an artificial vessel embedded in an extracellular matrix to study the intravasation process of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231
Summary
Breast disease is a serious factor threatening women’s health, such as hyperplasia, fibroadenosis, fibroadenomas, benign tumor and carcinoma. Two strategies are being rapidly developed, one of which is organoid culture techniques, and the other the organ-on-chip based on microfluidic technology. The former relies on three-dimensional (3D) culture of mammalian stem cells with sequential addition of growth factors. Micromachines 2021, 12, 814 the artificial organs based on microfluidics present diversity, including multiple types of organs such as breast, lung, live, heart, kidney, and so on, and even for the same organ diverse models are being created. The applications were concentrated in mechanism studies or drug screening In this view, we will provide a detailed discussion on the diversity models and application of breast tumor-on-a-chip in recent decades, with a special focus on the structures, fabrications, approaches, and the applications in biological medicine
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