Abstract
The rhizosphere community represents an “ecological interface” between plant and soil, providing the plant with a number of advantages. Despite close connection and mutual influence in this system, the knowledge about the connection of plant and rhizosphere diversity is still controversial. One of the most valuable factors of this uncertainty is a rough estimation of plant diversity. NGS sequencing can make the estimations of the plant community more precise than classical geobotanical methods. We investigate fallow and crop sites, which are similar in terms of environmental conditions and soil legacy, yet at the same time are significantly different in terms of plant diversity. We explored amplicons of both the plant root mass (ITS1 DNA) and the microbial communities (16S rDNA); determined alpha- and beta-diversity indices and their correlation, and performed differential abundance analysis. In the analysis, there is no correlation between the alpha-diversity indices of plants and the rhizosphere microbial communities. The beta-diversity between rhizosphere microbial communities and plant communities is highly correlated (R = 0.866, p = 0.01). ITS1 sequencing is effective for the description of plant root communities. There is a connection between rhizosphere communities and the composition of plants, but on the alpha-diversity level we found no correlation. In the future, the connection of alpha-diversities should be explored using ITS1 sequencing, even in more similar plant communities—for example, in different synusia.
Highlights
As the formation of a specific microbial communities near the plant root, the phenomenon of the rhizosphere effect has been the subject of many works of both classical and modern biology
Bacteria and Archaea, the Archaea amount was less than 0.1% and wasn’t significant in downstream analysis
Water regime, and main soil properties were similar for all three sites, which minimized the influence of these factors on microbial communities
Summary
As the formation of a specific microbial communities near the plant root, the phenomenon of the rhizosphere effect has been the subject of many works of both classical and modern biology. The source of the rhizosphere microbiome is both the microbial community of plant seeds [3] and the community of soil microorganisms [4]. The composition and abundance of plant root exudates determines the formation of the bacterial community [5,6]. The source of the microbiome, and the development of it, forms the final community. The diversity of sources and the different ways of development lead to the specificity of the rhizosphere microbiome. In addition to the type and agrochemical properties of the soil, the genotype of the plant (species [7,8] and cultivar [9]) is a significant factor for microbiome development. The genotype factor can be explained by a specific exudation spectrum from various plants. The spectrum of secreted substances depends on the species or cultivar and on the developmental phase, physiological state, etc. [10,11]
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