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Abstract
Complexes that incorporate both ligand(s) and metal(s) exhibiting cytotoxic activity can especially be interesting to develop multifunctional drug molecules with desired activities. In this review, the limited number of solution results collected in our laboratory on the complexes of Pd(II) and two other platinum group metals—the half-sandwich type, [(η6-p-cym)Ru(H2O)3]2+, and [(η5-Cp*)Rh(H2O)3]2+—with hydroxamic acid derivatives of three amino acids, two imidazole analogues, and four small peptides are summarized and evaluated. Unlike the limited number of coordination sites of these metal ions (four and three for Pd(II) and the organometallic cations, respectively), the ligands discussed here offer a relatively high number of donor atoms as well as variation in their position within the ligands, resulting in a large versatility of the likely coordination modes. The review, besides presenting the solution equilibrium results, also discusses the main factors, such as (N,N) versus (O,O) chelate; size of chelate; amino-N versus imidazole-N; primary versus secondary hydroxamic function; differences between hydrolytic ability of the metal ions studied; and hydrolysis of the coordinated peptide hydroxamic acids in their Pd(II) complexes, which all determine the coordination modes present in the complexes formed in measurable concentrations in these systems. The options for the quantitative evaluation of metal binding effectivity and selectivity of the various ligands and the comparison with each other by using solution equilibrium data are also discussed.
Highlights
The present review summarizes our results on the interaction of the hydroxamic acid derivatives of amino acids and peptides with platinum group metals and focuses on the factors, which can affect the metal-binding properties of such organic ligands and, at the same time, their likely biological activity and metal ion selectivity
The complex formation of these metal ions with hydroxamic acid derivatives of amino acids and peptides was previously studied in a few works, they provided very interesting results [54,55]
The results to be discussed below come from the first—and, to the best of our knowledge, the only—solution study with [PdCl4 ]2− as a metal ion source that relates to the interaction of Pd(II) with the primary and secondary di- and tripeptide hydroxamic acids: H2 -AlaAlaha+, H2 -NMeAlaAlaha+, H2 -AlaGlyGlyha+, and H2 -NMeAlaGlyGlyha+ [74]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Despite the widespread use of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents, as well as the great interest to develop new drug candidates with platinum [59,60,61,62] and other platinum group metals [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73], it is surprising that there have been very few solution equilibrium results published for complexes with peptidehydroxamate- and aminohydroxamate-based chelators [74,75] This low interest is most likely due to the inertness of complexes formed with platinum group metals, as well as the high tendency of these metal ions for hydrolysis [76].
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