Diversity Assessment of Mango (Mangifera spp) Plant Collection of Cibinong Germplasm Garden Based on Leaves Morphology and RAPD Markers

Abstract

Mango genetic diversity becomes the successful key factor of the mango breeding program. To obtain higher genetic diversity can be done through explorations of mango germplasm. This study aims to complete the morphology and genetic data characterization of the mango plant collection of Cibinong germplasm garden. The morphology analysis was carried out on the leaves character, while the genetic conducted using the RAPD marker. The data was analyzed using PAST 3.25 and PowerMarker 3.25 software. The result showed that 7 out of 11 leaves characters have diverse variation. The qualitative morphological observation showed that the leaves of Kweni have the largest shape among the others. The first principal component analysis with eigenvalue >1 explained that the diversity index of examined material was 51.4%. The colour of the young leaves character became the most influential character in leaves morphology diversity. The genetic analysis results using 13 RAPD markers showed the average of alleles number, main alleles frequency, genetic diversity, heterozygosity, and PIC values were 7.1; 0.47; 0.72; 0.99; and 0.70, respectively. The most informative marker used in this study was OPA18. Phylogenetic analysis based on leaf morphology and RAPD markers divided seven mango plants into two groups. The first group consisted of Manalagi69, Arumanis143, Cengkir Indramayu, Sibadak, Gedong Gincu, and Kweni, while the second group was Apel. The similarity index showed that Cengkir Indramayu and Sibadak has 85% similarity, while Apel has the lowest similarity with Arumanis143 and Kweni by only 68%. The morphology and genetic analysis in this study was expected to be the basis for developing a new superior variety and conservation of mango plant collection of Cibinong germplasm garden.