Diversity and local perception of lepidopterans in secondary tropical dry forests: Implications for management

Abstract

Butterflies are one of insect groups cherished by humans because of their spectacular colors and shapes. However, the ecosystem services and/or disservices they provide are less clear-cut, since they can be both important pollinators as adults and agricultural pests as larvae. In this study, we evaluated local perceptions about lepidopterans in “Los Ranchitos,” Jalisco, Mexico and estimated butterfly diversity in nearby secondary forests. Our aim was to understand whether common knowledge values the ecosystem services butterflies provide and whether local perception correlates with secondary forest butterfly diversity and management. To estimate lepidopteran diversity, we used direct sampling with live traps and direct observation. To understand local perceptions about the role of lepidopterans for ecosystems and management of their lands, we conducted semi-structured interviews and workshops with local Ejidatarios (members of the local community and participants in a Mexican collective land ownership structure). We found a high diversity of lepidopterans (40 species) at the secondary forests throughout the year. Most Ejidatarios have diverse management strategies involving cattle ranching and agriculture. Local knowledge recognized their presence in their fields particularly in secondary forests. However, we detected little awareness of the link between lepidopteran larvae (herbivores) and adults (pollinators), and their role in wild plant pollination. Many Ejidatarios were interested in deepening their knowledge of the ecosystem services that lepidopterans provide in the region. Therefore, researchers should strengthen their communication skills and share the information about the ecosystem services biodiversity provides and how secondary forests hold an important amount of biodiversity. In order to improve secondary forest management there is a need to incorporate ecological knowledge into localś perceptions.