Diversity and interaction of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities in sediments planted with different submerged macrophytes: Responses to decabromodiphenyl ether

Abstract

Although various persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can affect microbial communities and functions in aquatic ecosystems, little is known about how bacteria and microeukaryotes respond to the POPs in sediments planted with different submerged macrophytes. Here, a 60-day microcosm experiment was carried out to investigate the changes in the diversity and interaction of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities in sediments collected from Taihu lake, either with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) own or combined with two common submerged macrophyte species (Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillate). The results showed that BDE-209 significantly decreased the bacterial α-diversity but increased the microeukaryotic one. In sediments planted with submerged macrophytes, the negative effect of BDE-209 on bacterial diversity was weakened, and its positive effect on microeukaryotic one was strengthened. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the negative relationship was dominant in bacterial and microeukaryotic communities, while the cooperative relationship between microbial species was increased in planted sediments. Among nine keystone species, one belonging to bacterial family Thermoanaerobaculaceae was enriched by BDE-209, and others were inhibited. Notably, such inhibition was weakened, and the stimulation was enhanced in planted sediments. Together, these observations indicate that the responses of bacteria and microeukaryotes to BDE-209 are different, and their communities under BDE-209 contamination are more stable in sediments planted with submerged macrophytes. Moreover, the effects of plant species on the microbial responses to BDE-209 need to be explored by more specific field studies in the future.