Abstract
In our previous study, all Arthrinium isolates from Sargassum sp. showed high bioactivities, but studies on marine Arthrinium spp. are insufficient. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of 28 Arthrinium isolates from seaweeds and egg masses of Arctoscopus japonicus was conducted using internal transcribed spacers, nuclear large subunit rDNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor region sequences, and their bioactivities were investigated. They were analyzed as 15 species, and 11 of them were found to be new species. Most of the extracts exhibited radical-scavenging activity, and some showed antifungal activities, tyrosinase inhibition, and quorum sensing inhibition. It was implied that marine algicolous Arthrinium spp. support the regulation of reactive oxygen species in symbiotic algae and protect against pathogens and bacterial biofilm formation. The antioxidant from Arthrinium sp. 10 KUC21332 was separated by bioassay-guided isolation and identified to be gentisyl alcohol, and the antioxidant of Arthrinium saccharicola KUC21221 was identical. These results demonstrate that many unexploited Arthrinium species still exist in marine environments and that they are a great source of bioactive compounds.
Highlights
IntroductionAmong a number of marine fungi isolated from a brown alga Sargassum sp., Arthrinium spp.showed high levels of cellulolytic enzyme productivity, radical-scavenging, or antifungal activities [1].To date, studies on marine Arthrinium spp. are insufficient in terms of reliable phylogenetic analysis, physiological activity, bioactive secondary metabolites, and ecology.The genus Arthrinium Kunze (sexual morph Apiospora; Ellis 1971 [2], Apiosporaceae) was reported as an endophyte in plant and ecologically-diverse species occurring in various habitats in bothMar
Among a number of marine fungi isolated from a brown alga Sargassum sp., Arthrinium spp.showed high levels of cellulolytic enzyme productivity, radical-scavenging, or antifungal activities [1].To date, studies on marine Arthrinium spp. are insufficient in terms of reliable phylogenetic analysis, physiological activity, bioactive secondary metabolites, and ecology.The genus Arthrinium Kunze was reported as an endophyte in plant and ecologically-diverse species occurring in various habitats in bothMar
As the results of the MrModeltest with the Akaike information criterion (AIC), a general time reversible (GTR) + proportion of invariable sites (I) + gamma distribution (G) model was chosen for large subunit rDNA (LSU) and TUB, and the symmetrical model (SYM) + I + G model and Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY) + I + G model were chosen for internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and EF-1α, respectively
Summary
Among a number of marine fungi isolated from a brown alga Sargassum sp., Arthrinium spp.showed high levels of cellulolytic enzyme productivity, radical-scavenging, or antifungal activities [1].To date, studies on marine Arthrinium spp. are insufficient in terms of reliable phylogenetic analysis, physiological activity, bioactive secondary metabolites, and ecology.The genus Arthrinium Kunze (sexual morph Apiospora; Ellis 1971 [2], Apiosporaceae) was reported as an endophyte in plant and ecologically-diverse species occurring in various habitats in bothMar. Among a number of marine fungi isolated from a brown alga Sargassum sp., Arthrinium spp. showed high levels of cellulolytic enzyme productivity, radical-scavenging, or antifungal activities [1]. Studies on marine Arthrinium spp. are insufficient in terms of reliable phylogenetic analysis, physiological activity, bioactive secondary metabolites, and ecology. The genus Arthrinium Kunze (sexual morph Apiospora; Ellis 1971 [2], Apiosporaceae) was reported as an endophyte in plant and ecologically-diverse species occurring in various habitats in both. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 508; doi:10.3390/md16120508 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 508 terrestrial and marine environments [3,4]. The genus Arthrinium has numerous broad synonyms [5]
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