Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease caused by various species ofLeishmaniaand transmitted by several species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). In order to evaluate the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Fes-Boulemane, an investigation was carried out in two localities, Aichoun and Bouasseme, during 2011. From January to December, 1120 specimens were collected in Aichoun comprising six species belonging to two genera:Phlebotomus sergenti(76.07%),Phlebotomus longicuspis(9.01%),Phlebotomus perniciosus(8.48%),Phlebotomus papatasi(4.82%),Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax. For Bouasseme, seven species were identified withPhlebotomus sergenti(60.39%) dominating, followed byPhlebotomus perniciosus(20%) andPhlebotomus longicuspis(12.15%). The remaining species,Phlebotomus papatasi,Phlebotomus ariasi,Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax,were less prevalent. The activity of sand flies in both localities is marked by the dominance ofPh. sergentiwith two peaks occurring in June and September. In order to obtain a better understanding of sand fly diversity among their species, results were analyzed by the ecological indices determinant: specific richness, the relative abundance, and Shannon-Weiner index (H′). Further studies of sand fly diversity should employ statistical tests and molecular analyses. This study can be useful in the implementation of appropriate future control measures.
Highlights
Cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) are parasitic diseases that remain today as a serious public health problem throughout the world
Five species belonged to the Phlebotomus genus while the other two were from the Sergentomyia genus
These species are Ph. sergenti which is widely distributed in the two foci, Ph. perniciosus, Ph. longicuspis, Ph. papatasi, Sergentomyia minuta, and Sergentomyia fallax
Summary
Cutaneous leishmaniases (CL) are parasitic diseases that remain today as a serious public health problem throughout the world. The parasitosis is caused by a “Protist Euglenobionte” that belongs to the Trypanosomatidae family, genus Leishmania. Three forms are observed: anthroponotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica and zoonotic leishmaniasis due to L. major and L. infantum [1, 2]. L. tropica is the most widespread and most frequently encountered. It is transmitted by Phlebotomus sergenti [3]. In 2011 and 2012, the Ministry of Health recorded, respectively, 4426 and 2990 cases with 4.92% and 7.19% in the region of Fes-Boulemane [4, 5]. The first LC focus recorded from the Fes-Boulemane region was in 2001 with 1,600 cases only in the province of Moulay Yacoub [6, 7]
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