Abstract
Increasing temperature and changing land-use in the Guayana Shield and Amazonia result in an accelerated decline of sensitive lichen populations. Monitoring of these populations by biological plot inventories in particularly vulnerable sites is urgently needed. In order to know the diversity and distribution of lichen species at the Alto Orinoco, Parque Nacional Duida-Marahuaca and nearby areas from Amazonas state, Venezuela, lichens were sampled during four expeditions in more than 40 plots located from 200 m (premontane forest) to more than 1500 m elevation (altotepuyana vegetation). Additional data were obtained from literature and herbaria. Our assessment, although incomplete, revealed 205 described species, 150 undescribed species, 84 genera and 27 families. Among the described species 162 were observed in the basimontane vegetation, 38 in the montane vegetation, 24 in the altotepuyana vegetation, while 20 appear to be endemic to the study area. Sixty-nine species are new records for the Cerro Duida. A checklist with taxonomic and ecological data is presented. Five new species and one new variety are described: Cladonia duidana V.Marcano & A.Morales sp. nov. (Cladoniaceae), Pertusaria orinoquensis V.Marcano sp. nov., Sticta kunuhana V.Marcano sp. nov. (Lobariaceae), S. spruceana V.Marcano sp. nov. (Lobariaceae), Xanthoparmelia esmeraldensis V.Marcano & A.Morales sp. nov. (Parmeliaceae), and Lepraria arbuscula (Nyl.) Lendemer & Hodk. var. fumarprotocetrarica V.Marcano var. nov.
Highlights
Cómo citar este artículo: Diversidad y distribución de líquenes del Cerro Duida y sus áreas adyacentes, Alto Orinoco, Amazonas, Venezuela
Increasing temperature and changing land-use in the Guayana Shield and Amazonia result in an accelerated decline of sensitive lichen populations
In order to know the diversity and distribution of lichen species at the Alto Orinoco, Parque Nacional Duida-Marahuaca and nearby areas from Amazonas state, Venezuela, lichens were sampled during four expeditions in more than 40 plots located from 200 m to more than 1500 m elevation
Summary
El área de estudio se ubica al sur de Venezuela, estado Amazonas, en el Cerro Duida (03°25’N, 65°40’W, altitud máxima 2358 m; área de la cumbre 1089 km2) y sus áreas adyacentes (Fig. 1). En la sabana al norte del Duida (Fig. 2b), entre los 350–400 m, las formaciones ribereñas incluyen árboles que alcanzan hasta 20 m de altura, donde dominan especies arbóreas (Delascio 1992; Dezzeo & Huber 1995). Una de las características de la franja altotepuyana en el Duida (> 1500 m) es la de presentar una vegetación conformada extensivamente por arbustales altos y densos (Dezzeo & Huber 1995; Riina & Huber 2003) A los 2200 m la vegetación arbustiva es baja, de tipo altotepuyana, presentando una altura < 3 m; mientras que a los 1500 m los arbustos son más altos (3–6 m), reflejando el efecto de la altitud y, por consiguiente, de la temperatura y la radiación sobre el crecimiento de las plantas. Se incluyen los números de registros en Mycobank para las nuevas especies
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