Abstract
The kinorhynch fauna from Svalbard and the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard was explored, and a total of nine species of Echinoderes was identified. Two species were new to science, and one, Echinoderes balerioni sp. nov., is described. Echinoderes balerioni sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of short middorsal spines on segments 4, 6, and 8, and in lateroventral positions on segments 6 to 9. Tubes are present in laterodorsal, sublateral, and ventrolateral positions on segment 2, lateroventral positions on segment 5, and lateral accessory positions on segment 8, and tergal extensions conspicuously long and spiniform. The collected material also offered the first chance to examine specimens of Echinoderes arlis with scanning electron microscopy, which prompted a redescription of the species. The recorded species are compared with all other known records of Echinoderes in the Arctic region, and the summarized data suggests that at least some species show a circumpolar distribution.
Highlights
IntroductionKinorhynchs are meiofaunal organisms, occurring in a wide spectrum of marine habitats all over the world, from the shallow waters to the abyssal depths (e.g., Sørensen 2008; Neuhaus 2013; Herranz et al 2014; Adrianov and Maiorova 2015; Yamasaki 2016a)
Kinorhynchs are meiofaunal organisms, occurring in a wide spectrum of marine habitats all over the world, from the shallow waters to the abyssal depths (e.g., Sørensen 2008; Neuhaus 2013; Herranz et al 2014; Adrianov and Maiorova 2015; Yamasaki 2016a). Their presence is frequently reported in a number of ecological meiofaunal studies, This article is registered in ZooBank under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: AEC03F05-E10F-4BAD-A4C4-9833BF089091
Among over 100 Echinoderes species described so far, which comprise about 40% of the total diversity within kinorhynchs, only eleven Echinoderes species are known from the Arctic region: E. angustus Higgins and Kristensen, 1988; E. aquilonius Higgins and Kristensen, 1988; E. arlis E. daenerysae Grzelak and Sørensen, 2017 in Grzelak and Sørensen 2018; E. drogoni Grzelak and Sørensen, 2017 in Grzelak and Sørensen 2018; Mar Biodiv (2019) 49:1131–1150
Summary
Kinorhynchs are meiofaunal organisms, occurring in a wide spectrum of marine habitats all over the world, from the shallow waters to the abyssal depths (e.g., Sørensen 2008; Neuhaus 2013; Herranz et al 2014; Adrianov and Maiorova 2015; Yamasaki 2016a). Their presence is frequently reported in a number of ecological meiofaunal studies, This article is registered in ZooBank under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: AEC03F05-E10F-4BAD-A4C4-9833BF089091. Among over 100 Echinoderes species described so far, which comprise about 40% of the total diversity within kinorhynchs, only eleven Echinoderes species are known from the Arctic region: E. angustus Higgins and Kristensen, 1988; E. aquilonius Higgins and Kristensen, 1988; E. arlis E. daenerysae Grzelak and Sørensen, 2017 in Grzelak and Sørensen 2018; E. drogoni Grzelak and Sørensen, 2017 in Grzelak and Sørensen 2018; Mar Biodiv (2019) 49:1131–1150
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