Abstract
Orchidaceae is one of the largest and wide-ranging families of flowering plants, and orchids are well-known for their medicinal and ornamental values across the world. Fungal endophytes internally invade the living tissues of orchids without instigating any detectable manifestations of infection. All orchids are dependent on endophytic fungi for food since the small-sized seeds of orchids contain insufficient stored reserves. Consequently, endophytic fungi are vital for the germination, growth, and stress-tolerance of orchids. Besides, the fungal endophytes are also capable of synthesizing various types of secondary metabolites with proven antimicrobial properties. Insights gained into plant–endophyte interaction can be beneficial for developing novel antimicrobial agents against the drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Promising bioactive metabolites of Orchidaceae-associated fungal endophytes with established in vitro antimicrobial activity require thorough investigation for their clinical efficacy and safety profile. This chapter outlines the diversity and antimicrobial potential of Orchidaceae-associated fungal endophytes.
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