Diversity and Activities of Mosquito in Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Indonesia, a Non Filariasis Endemic Area

Siti Istianah,Budi Mulyaningsih,Sitti R Umniyati,G Gholib,A Engelhardt,J Duboscq,A Sutriana,R Sahara Zamzami

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202015101016

Abstract

According to data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018, there were 37 cases of Elephantiasis in Yogyakarta, even though Yogyakarta is not an endemic area of filariasis. This preliminary study was carried out to evaluate the diversity of species, relative abundance, frequency and dominance of mosquitoes in Yogyakarta and to determine the role of mosquitoes as a vector of filariasis. A cross-sectional study was used involving 3 hamlets with elephantiasis cases found in April 2019 in Yogyakarta. Mosquitoes around the house inhabited by the patient with elephantiasis were collected for 12 hours starting from 6:00 p.m. until 6:00 a.m. Mosquitoes were dissected under a dissection microscope and the presence of filaria larvae was observed. A total of 9 mosquitoes species were found. They were Culex vishnui, Culex tritaenorhynchus, Armigeres kesseli, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex bitaenorhynchus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles subpictus, Aedes aegypti. The highest diversity, frequency, and dominance was Culex vishnui, while the lowest was Culex quinquefasciatus. There was no filarial larva found during the study.

Highlights

Filariasis is an infectious disease caused by Nematode worm infections and is transmitted by mosquitoes
Filarial worms live in the lymphatic system, causing inflammation of the lymphatic channels and glands in the form of lymphangitis and lymphadenitis, as well as disorders of lymph flow causing an obstruction that continues into edema
Acute filariasis occurs beginning with recurrent fever, retrograde lymphangitis, and lymphadenitis

Summary

Introduction

Filariasis is an infectious disease caused by Nematode worm infections and is transmitted by mosquitoes. Filarial worms live in the lymphatic system, causing inflammation of the lymphatic channels and glands in the form of lymphangitis and lymphadenitis, as well as disorders of lymph flow causing an obstruction that continues into edema. It can continue to become chronic filariasis in the form of edema, which is initially reversible, but at the later stages becomes irreversible due to tissue fibrosis [1]. Until now filariasis is still a health problem in Indonesia. Filariasis does not cause death, but the advanced stage of the disease causes permanent disability in the form of enlargement, namely elephantiasis, of the legs, arms, breasts, and genitals. Three species of lymphatic filarial worms are known, namely Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori, and all three are found in Indonesia [3]

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