Diversity analysis of vineyards soil bacterial community in different planting years at eastern foot of Helan Mountain, Ningxia

Abstract

In order to analyze the problem of barriers to continuous vineyard planting, we studied the diversity of soil bacterial communities in vineyards in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in different planting years. Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils (0–20 cm) of vineyards planted for 3, 8 and 20 years were collected to determine the composition and community structure of soil bacterial species using high-throughput sequencing technology, and to analyze their correlation with environmental factors. The results showed that: The total number of OUTs was 2523 in 18 soil samples, and they were identified belonging to 549 genera, 233 families, 119 orders, 54 classes and 42 phyla. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes (relative abundance>1%). Arthrobacter, Nocardioides and Sphingomonas were the top three genera in relative abundance. The relative abundance of beneficial genera such as Niastella, Mesorhizobium, Solirubrobacter and Ensifer decreased with increasing vine growth time, resulting in a decrease in nitrogen fixation and heavy metal resistance in the vineyard. Pathogenic bacteria did not increase significantly in vineyards. The structure of the bacterial community in the soil of the vineyard surface changed significantly after 8 years planted. The correlation analysis of bacteria in the soil samples with environmental factors of the soil showed that soil pH, electric conductivity, and total potassium significantly affected changes in the structure of the bacterial community. The available potassium, total nitrogen, electric conductivity, available phosphorus and total phosphorus had significant effects on the changes in the number of the top ten bacterial species in terms of relative abundance at the genus level. It was found that changes in the bacterial community in vineyard soils as the vines age mainly diminish the vine's nutrient acquisition capacity, thus inhibiting vine growth and development. Such changes had little effect on vine disease. We believe that the frequency of fertilization should be increased and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased during the grape growing period. The results of this study can provide a data reference and theoretical basis for improving the quality of the vineyard soil, evaluating the microecological effects of the soil, and promoting the sustainable development of the ecological environment of the vineyard soil.