Abstract
Two similar mountains sharing the same abiotic and biotic features but for which, land-use has differed since the 1960's have been compared. While northern countries have known a rural exode and land abandonment, the southern part of the Mediterranean basin rather supported an increasing human pressure. This study aims at analysing and interpreting the consequences of both abandonment in the north and strong human impact in the south by comparing the diversity and structure of scrub communities. A quantitative approach has been developed to quantify the human impact on vegetation biomass using an index which was tested for its interest for ecological studies and landscape planning in the southern part of the Mediterranean basin.
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