Diversification of Eupolypods in Mid-Cretaceous—Evidenced by Myanmar Amber Forest

Cunxiang Li,Libing Zhang

doi:10.4236/ojg.2019.910086

Abstract

The evolutionary history of Eupolypods still remains unclear, especially on its diversification scenarios. In recent years, it has been found that approximately 100 million-year-old Myanmar amber provides a unique source of polypod fossils. Different families and numerous sporangia, spores, and scales have been found in Myanmar amber. These discoveries are nevertheless important because they provided the first unequivocal fossil evidence that the diversity of eupolypod ferns was present already in the mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber forest. This clearly shows that Eupolypods originated before mid-Cretaceous, probably as early as the Early Jurassic, which is consistent with the recent divergence time estimate based on molecular dating.

Highlights

In the last two decades, unprecedented progress has been made by employing DNA sequence data and phylogenetic approaches toward a full understanding of the relationships that shape the major branches of the fern tree of life
These discoveries are important because they provided the first unequivocal fossil evidence that the diversity of eupolypod ferns was present already in the mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber forest
This clearly shows that Eupolypods originated before mid-Cretaceous, probably as early as the Early Jurassic, which is consistent with the recent divergence time estimate based on molecular dating

Summary

Introduction

In the last two decades, unprecedented progress has been made by employing DNA sequence data and phylogenetic approaches toward a full understanding of the relationships that shape the major branches of the fern tree of life. Different families and numerous sporangia, spores, and scales have been found in Myanmar amber.

Results

Conclusion