Diversidade genética, endogamia e fluxo gênico em pequena população fragmentada de Copaifera langsdorffii

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the seed and pollen immigration rate and dispersal distance in a Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. small population fragment, based on the polymorphism at eight microsatellite loci. All 47 adult trees and 65 subadults found in the fragment were mapped and genotyped. Adults had a lower total number of alleles per locus (142) than subadults (164). A total of 20 alleles were exclusive to adults and 41 to subadults. Adults had significantly lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding (Â = 17.75 ± 0.51; Âe = 8.97 ± 0.27; ^F = 0.191 ± 0.017) than subadults (Â = 20.5 ± 0.65; Âe = 10.86 ± 0.29; ^F = 0.119 ± 0.013). The probability of exclusion of the first parent overall loci was high (P1o Parente = 0.9994), showing that the eight microsatellite loci have high power to resolve paternity tests. From the 65 subadults, the maternal parent could be identified for 12 and both maternal and paternal parents for only two individuals, indicating a pollen and seed immigration of 81% (msementes) and 97% (mpolen), respectively. These results evidenced a high rate of gene flow in the past. The mean distance of seed dispersal was 38.4 m, and nearly 58% of seeds were dispersed up to 30 m. The results evidence that the population present high levels of genetic diversity, due to high seed and pollen immigration that occurred in the past.