Abstract
A systematic study on the room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in undoped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by the coprecipitation method has been reported. The neutral and singly ionized zinc vacancy defects exhibited in the results of photoluminescence (PL), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies are found to be of ferromagnetic origin in bare ZnO, and it has been confirmed that Mn2+ ions substitutionally enter at Zn2+ sites in wurtzite ZnO. The results of positron annihilation and coincidence Doppler broadening measurements corroborate the Zn vacancies and their clusters. It is observed that in Mn:ZnO, the magnetic ordering is changed from ferro- to paramagnetic because of interacting adjacent Mn–Mn ions. The higher saturation magnetization of 565 × 10–3 emu/g is explained by a quasi indirect exchange mechanism based on the interaction of bound magnetic polarons formed by the Zn vacancies (VZn) and nearby Mn ions. Further, first principle calculations ...
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