Diverse Region-Based CNN for Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Classification With Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

Border discrimination is very important in the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). This study proposes an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) framework based on fiber optic Raman spectroscopy and deep learning techniques to distinguish between TSCC and non-tumor tissue frameworks. First, the data used in the experiments was collected by a fiber optic Raman system. A total of 44 tissues of 22 patients were collected for Raman spectroscopy, with TSCC and adjacent normal tissues each accounting for half. The spectral data range used in the model from a full spectrum of 600-4000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Then, the ensemble CNN model was used in the experiment. By using two convolution kernels, the model is able to extract nonlinear feature representations from different spectral regions. It has two advantages, on the one hand, it reduces the generation of noise, on the other hand, it obtains a stronger distinguishing ability. Finally, a feature vector is formed by the fusion layer, and is sent to the fully connected layer for the TSCC classification task. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 99.2% and 99.2%, respectively. In addition, comparison with existing methods shows that our method achieves the highest accuracy of TSCC classification. By comparing the different channels, the results show that the spectral range of 1380-2250cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> data has the greatest impact on the results. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy combined with the ensemble CNN model has great potential and can provide a useful technique for intraoperative evaluation of the margins of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.