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Abstract
The usefulness of visible lasers in treating vascular diseases is controversial. It is probable that multiple effects of visible lasers on blood vessels and their unclear mechanisms have hampered the usefulness of this therapy. Therefore, elucidating the precise actions and mechanisms of the effects of lasers on blood vessels would provide insight into potential biomedical applications. Here, using organ chamber isometric contraction measurements, western blotting, patch-clamp, and en face immunohistochemistry, we showed that a 445 nm diode laser contracted rat aortic rings, both by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and by increasing oxidative stress. In addition to the effects on the endothelium, the laser also directly relaxed and contracted vascular smooth muscle by inhibiting L-type Ca(2+) channels and by activating protein tyrosine kinases, respectively. Thus, we conclude that exposure to 445 nm laser might contract and dilate blood vessels in the endothelium and smooth muscle via distinct mechanisms.
Highlights
Laser therapy has been used for treating cancer, diabetic retinopathy, as well as skin and vascular diseases
The 445 nm laser irradiation typically resulted in an initial transient and minimal relaxation followed by strong contraction in the intact endothelium aortic rings (Fig. 1(A))
In order to investigate the role of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) in endothelium-denuded aortic rings, we examined the effects of a broad-spectrum PTK inhibitor, genistein
Summary
Laser therapy has been used for treating cancer, diabetic retinopathy, as well as skin and vascular diseases. Infrared lasers can be used for cancer therapy [2], but they can induce cell or tissue damage through high temperatures. Blue lasers (360–480 nm) are used for skin (acne) and cancer therapy [5, 6]. The effects of visible laser on blood vessels are controversial. Morimoto et al [8] reported that a 381 nm laser induced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and relaxed blood vessels. A blue laser (458 nm) and green laser (514 nm) relaxed and contracted blood vessels, respectively [8]. Elucidating the precise actions and mechanisms of laser-based effects on blood vessels would provide insight into potential biomedical applications in the field of laser therapy
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