Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are biological wastewater treatment systems that comprise several components where plants and associated organisms play an important role in water depuration. Microbial studies emphasize bacterial dynamics, whereas studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are scarce and the functional role of AMF in aquatic and wetland plants is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the AMF communities colonizing the roots of Canna indica, Canna flaccida, and Watsonia borbonica inhabiting a CW treating wastewater of a tourism unit. The dynamics of the AMF communities were evaluated by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of 18S rRNA gene amplification products along cold (C) and hot (H) seasons for three consecutive years. DGGE profiles allowed the estimation of AMF species richness (S), and Shannon-Wienner (H) and Pielou (J) indexes, for the different plant species, showing differences between species and along the years. Excised bands from DGGE were analyzed and identified through sequencing for arbuscular mycorrhiza, revealing the presence of AMF strains closely related to Glomus sp., Rhizophagus sp. and Acaulospora sp. genera. Concomitant water quality analyses showed that the system was effective in organic and nutrient removal during the sampling period. Findings from this study suggest that AMF diversity found in the CW is influenced by the water constituents, season, and plant species.
Highlights
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important group of soil microorganisms that form symbiotic associations with 80% of vascular plant species [1]
The Constructed wetlands (CWs) investigated in this study was implemented in a seventeenth century guest house in Calheiros—Ponte de Lima—in the North of Portugal [21], being in operation to date
Reports related to AMF in CWs are scarce, and the present work contributed to increasing the knowledge on AMF diversity in such wastewater treatment systems
Summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important group of soil microorganisms that form symbiotic associations with 80% of vascular plant species [1]. Are considered systems that provide ecosystem services They of water,They being identified as amultifunctional sustainable wastewater management option around the world integrate several components, including the treatment basin, substrate, selected and a. They are considered multifunctional systems that provide ecosystem services. Australis the presence of solid substrate in the CW, since no colonization was observed in plants growing in plants inhabiting twoXu. the reported treatmentthat of metal-contaminated waterinhabiting harbored two different free water.
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