Abstract
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) produce femtosecond X-ray pulses with nearly full spatial coherence and a peak power in the order of tens of GW [1, 2]. At present, two XFEL facilities, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA), offer research opportunities to scientists from various fields. The novel characteristics of XFELs necessitate new experimental styles, which are very different from those for conventional X-ray sources. Since many users were not familiar with these new styles in the early stage of scientific applications, user-friendly experimental systems were necessary to boost the XFEL applications into a state of practical use. XFELs are now producing unique results in, for example, structural biology [3–6], nonlinear X-ray optics [7, 8], ultrafast physics and chemistry [9–11], and high-energy-density science [12].
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