Abstract
Human monocytes/macrophages play a central role in the immune response and defense of the host from influenza virus infection. They classically act as antigen-presenting cells for lymphocytes in the context of an immune cell cluster. In that setting, however, monocytes/macrophages exhibit additional, unexpected, roles. They are required for influenza virus infection of the lymphocytes in the cluster, and they are responsible for lymphocyte apoptosis via their synthesis and expression of the viral neuraminidase. Surprisingly, human alveolar macrophages, expected to be among the first cells to encounter the virus, are not susceptible to direct infection by a human influenza virus but can be infected when the virus is complexed with an antibody. Such monocyte/macrophage responses to influenza virus challenge should be considered part of a very complex but quite effective defense, since the common outcome is recovery of the host with development of immunity to the challenging strain of virus.
Highlights
Monocytes and macrophages are central to the development as well as expression of the human immune response and its defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection
Monocytes/macrophages can serve as required accessory cells for antigen-stimulated and mitogen-stimulated proliferative responses, and they play a central role in the regulation of immune responses [1]
Accessory cell support for lymphocyte proliferative responses to the antigen streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) was even enhanced as peripheral blood monocytes matured to macrophages, but was absent when Alveolar Macrophages (AM) were added to the lymphocytes [28]
Summary
Monocytes and macrophages are central to the development as well as expression of the human immune response and its defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. 2. Dichotomy in the Human Monocyte/Macrophage Antigen-Presenting Accessory Cell Function for Lymphocyte Responses to IAV Challenge 3. Human Monocytes/Macrophages are Directly Responsible for Lymphocyte Infection by IAV
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