Abstract
The Tocantins State has good soil and climatic conditions for the development of corn, but has low average productivity, which is mostly attributed to lack of specific genotypes in this environment and incorrect crop management. In this context were evaluated genetic diversity among corn cultivars under different climate conditions in Tocantins. The experiments were conducted in three locations, one in Gurupi-TO and two in Palmas-TO, both experimental areas belonging to the Universidade Federal of Tocantins. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications using 24 commercial corn cultivars. Genetic divergence was evaluated by multivariate analysis methods, and cultivars clustered based on the Mahalanobis generalized distance, and then used the Tocher optimization method. The cultivars showed genetic divergence in environment of Palmas-TO early planting, and the characteristics contributions influenced by genotype × environment interaction. Among the cultivars, the open pollination DSSCAMPEAO and BR106 were the most divergent. Among the simple hybrids, DAS2B710 and XGN6370 were the most divergent.
Highlights
The Tocantins State has good soil and climatic conditions for the development of corn, but has low average productivity, which is mostly attributed to lack of specific genotypes in this environment and incorrect crop management
O princípio do estudo de divergência genética é o de selecionar os genótipos mais produtivos e que sejam divergentes entre eles, auxiliando na seleção de genitores em futuras sínteses de híbridos e/ou populações de extração de linhagens (PASSOS et al, 2007)
Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, v. 06, p. 87-94, 2006
Summary
Os experimentos foram instalados nos Campos Experimentais da Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, situados nas cidades de Palmas - TO, a 10°10’ de latitude sul, 48°21’ de latitude Oeste e altitude de 212 metros, e em Gurupi - TO, a 11°43’ de latitude Sul, 49°15’ de longitude Oeste e altitude de 287 metros, ambos em solo do tipo Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, textura arenosa distrófico. Os delineamentos utilizados foram aleatorizados em blocos, com quatro repetições, utilizando 24 cultivares comerciais Os dados climatológicos de temperatura e precipitação foram obtidos através das estações automáticas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), localizadas nos campus universitários da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, nas cidades de Gurupi e Palmas, no Estado do Tocantins. A proximidade das estações climatológicas em relação à área em que estavam instalados os experimentos sugere boa precisão dos dados nos ambientes estudados. Tabela 1 - Descrição das Cultivares de milho avaliadas quanto ao tipo de cultivar, ciclo e empresa produtora
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