Abstract
Hexaploid triticale is an important forage crop and a promising energy plant. Some forms were previously reported for developing the hexaploid triticale, such as crossing tetraploid wheat or hexaploid wheat with rye, crossing hexaploid triticale and/or hexaploid wheat with octoploid triticale, and spontaneously appearing in the selfed progenies of octoploid triticale. In the present study, we developed an effective method for production of diverse types of hexaploid triticale via wheat—rye—Psathyrostachys huashanica trigeneric hybrid. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) karyotyping revealed that D genome chromosomes were completely eliminated and the whole A, B, and R genome chromosomes were retained in three lines. More interestingly, the composite genome of the line K14-489-2 consisted of complete A and B genomes and chromosomes 1D, 2R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R, and 7R, that of line K14-491-2 was 12 A-genome (1A-6A), 14 B-genome (1B-7B), 12 R-genome (1R-3R, 5R-7R), and chromosomes 1D and 3D, and that of the line K14-547-1 had 26A/B and 14R chromosomes, plus one pair of centric 6BL/2DS translocations. This finding implies that some of D genome chromosomes can be spontaneously and stably incorporated into the hexaploid triticale. Additionally, a variety of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) compositions were detected in the six hexaploid triticale lines, respectively. Besides, compared with its recurrent triticale parent Zhongsi828, these lines showed high level of resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) pathogens prevalent in China, including V26/Gui 22. These new hexaploid triticales not only enhanced diversification of triticale but also could be utilized as valuable germplasm for wheat improvement.
Highlights
The small grain cereal triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack), a man-made wheat—rye hybrid, is considered a promising crop due to its high genetic variation for several traits of agronomic importance
Huashanica chromatins into common wheat background by crossing a wheat–P. huashanica amphiploid (PHW-SA, 2n = 8x = 56, AABBDDNsNs) with hexaploid triticale (Zhongsi828, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBRR)
This present study demonstrated that no octoploid triticale was found, and instead hexaploid triticale was obtained
Summary
The small grain cereal triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack), a man-made wheat—rye hybrid, is considered a promising crop due to its high genetic variation for several traits of agronomic importance. It is intended to combine the high productivity and nutritional qualities of wheat with the growth vigor and environmental tolerance possessed by rye [1,2]. Ongoing research indicates that triticale has some potential for use in human food consumption and remarkable improvement has been made on bread making quality during the last decades [10,11]. Environmental awareness has aroused interest in the use of triticale within bio-energy and bio-fuel production owing to its high biomass and grain yield [12,13,14]. The use of triticale in the brewing industry has gained much attention [15,16]
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