Abstract
AimThe variable mechanisms on additive and synergistic effects of jasminoidin (JA)-Baicalin (BA) combination and JA-ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) combination in treating cerebral ischemia are not completely understood. In this study, we explored the differential pure mechanisms of additive and synergistic effects based on pathway analysis that excluded ineffective interference.MethodsThe MCAO mice were divided into eight groups: sham, vehicle, BA, JA, UA, Concha Margaritifera (CM), BA-JA combination (BJ), and JA-UA combination (JU). The additive and synergistic effects of combination groups were identified by cerebral infarct volume calculation. The differentially expressed genes based on a microarray chip containing 16,463 oligoclones were uploaded to GeneGo MetaCore software for pathway analyses and function catalogue. The comparison of specific pathways and functions crosstalk between different groups were analyzed to reveal the underlying additive and synergistic pharmacological variations.ResultsAdditive BJ and synergistic JU were more effective than monotherapies of BA, JA, and UA, while CM was ineffective. Compared with monotherapies, 43 pathways and six functions were found uniquely in BJ group, with 33 pathways and three functions in JU group. We found six overlapping pathways and six overlapping functions between BJ and JU groups, which mainly involved central nervous system development. Thirty-seven specific pathways and 10 functions were activated by additive BJ, which were mainly related to cell adhesion and G-protein signaling; and 27 specific pathways and three functions of synergistic JU were associated with regulation of metabolism, DNA damage, and translation. The overlapping and distinct pathways and functions may contribute to different additive and synergistic effects.ConclusionThe divergence pathways of pure additive effect of BJ were mainly related to cell adhesion and G-protein signaling, while the pure synergistic mechanism of JU depended on metabolism, translation and DNA damage. Such a systematic analysis of pathways may provide an important paradigm to reveal the pharmacological mechanisms underlying drug combinations.
Highlights
Stroke, one of the main causes of permanent disability and death worldwide, increased the total disease burden (Prabhakaran et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2015)
Our prior experimental results indicated that infarction volume was significantly reduced after treatment with all compounds compared with the vehicle group except CM (P < 0.05, ANOVA)
According the combination index (CI) calculation, we found that JA and UA (JU) exerted a synergistic pharmacological effect and BA and JA (BJ) had an additive effect (Liu et al, 2012)
Summary
One of the main causes of permanent disability and death worldwide, increased the total disease burden (Prabhakaran et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2015). As ischemic stroke is a complex disease with a series of mechanisms, multitarget drugs have been suggested to be more potent compared with single-target therapies (Yang et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2018). The PA approaches primarily seek to overcome the problem of interpreting lists of most important but isolated genes off the biological context that are the primary outputs of most basic high-throughput data analysis as differential expression analysis. This may provide a promising avenue for experimental high-
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