Abstract
The scattering of VHF radio waves in the lower ionosphere is identified with turbulent fluctuations of the electron plasma. The theory of gradient mixing is applied to the afternoon and early evening periods, for which solar control is thought to dominate meteoric contributions. The scattering cross-section for this process, depends on ionospheric conditions only through the ambient electron density-height profile's gradient dN/dh. It is found that the afternoon decay of signal strength and simultaneous increase of scattering height can be correlated with independent estimates of electron density and recombination coefficients in the lower ionosphere. The observation of two scattering levels on short paths and the lack of a midday maximum on long paths is predictable. Diurnal variations of the frequency dependence of these transmissions suggest a strong influence of the earth's magnetic field.
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