Abstract
ABSTRACTThe temporal variation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated in this study. Two approaches including an in-situ continuous monitoring and a typical grab sampling methods were also compared. The in-situ continuous monitoring method provided more detailed information regarding the temporal variations of GHG concentrations. A sufficient sampling frequency (e.g., once every 6 hours) for the grab sampling method is required to effectively resolve the diurnal variations of GHG concentrations. This study highlights significant diurnal variations of GHG concentrations in different wastewater treatment units. Only with proper and reliable sampling and analytical methods, it becomes possible to correctly identify the characteristics of GHG emissions and to develop strategies to curtail the GHG emissions from such an important source in response to regulatory measures and international treaties. This study revealed that N2O was the dominant species responsible for GHG emissions in the WWTP and the emission factors of CH4 and N2O were higher in the equalization tank and final sedimentation tank compared to other units. We further compared the GHG emission factors of this study with other literatures, showing that the GHG emission factors were lower than those measured in Netherlands, Australia, and IPCC, but similar to those measured in Japan.
Highlights
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by anthropogenic activities such as production and use of fossil fuels and agricultural and industrial activities have considerably increased the greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere (ElFadel and Massoud, 2001; Fangueiro et al, 2010; Daelman et al, 2012; Daelman et al, 2013; Muangthai et al, 2016)
This study revealed that N2O was the dominant species responsible for GHG emissions in the WWTP and the emission factors of CH4 and N2O were higher in the equalization tank and final sedimentation tank compared to other units
We further compared the GHG emission factors of this study with other literatures, showing that the GHG emission factors were lower than those measured in Netherlands, Australia, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), but similar to those measured in Japan
Summary
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by anthropogenic activities such as production and use of fossil fuels and agricultural and industrial activities have considerably increased the GHG concentrations in the atmosphere (ElFadel and Massoud, 2001; Fangueiro et al, 2010; Daelman et al, 2012; Daelman et al, 2013; Muangthai et al, 2016). Due to the significant environmental impacts by climate change attributable to global warming, there is an increasing need to comprehensively understand the GHG emission from industrial WWTPs and to provide detailed and correct information for developing mitigation approaches. Wastewater treatment is the fifth largest source for the anthropogenic CH4 emissions in the atmosphere, contributing approximately 9% of total CH4 emission in 2000 (USEPA, 2006; Jarosław et al, 2016). The combined emissions in the U.S, China, India, and Indonesia accounted for 49% of the global CH4 emission from wastewater treatment. For N2O, wastewater treatment represents the sixth largest contributor for anthropogenic emissions in the atmosphere (approximately 3% of total N2O emission). The combined emissions from wastewater treatment in the U.S, China, India, and Indonesia contributed to approximately 50% of total N2O emission in the atmosphere. The CH4 and N2O emissions from treatment of wastewater are expected to grow by approximately 20% and 13% between 2005 and 2020, respectively (Diksha and Santosh, 2012)
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