Abstract
Fasting and postprandial triglyceride concentrations largely depend on dietary and lifestyle factors. Alcohol intake is associated with triglycerides, but the effect of alcohol on diurnal triglyceridemia in a free living situation is unknown. During three days, 139 men (range: 18–80 years) measured their own capillary triglyceride (cTG) concentrations daily on six fixed time-points before and after meals, and the total daily alcohol intake was recorded. The impact of daily alcohol intake (none; low, <10 g/day; moderate, 10–30 g/day; high, >30 g/day) on diurnal triglyceridemia was analyzed by the incremental area under the cTG curve (∆cTG-AUC) reflecting the mean of the six different time-points. Fasting cTG were similar between the alcohol groups, but a trend of increased cTG was observed in men with moderate and high alcohol intake after dinner and at bedtime (p for trend <0.001) which persisted after adjustment for age, smoking and body mass index. The ∆cTG-AUC was significantly lower in males with low alcohol intake (3.0 ± 1.9 mmol·h/L) (n = 27) compared to males with no (7.0 ± 1.8 mmol·h/L) (n = 34), moderate (6.5 ± 1.8 mmol·h/L) (n = 54) or high alcohol intake (7.2 ± 2.2 mmol·h/L) (n = 24), when adjusted for age, smoking and body mass index (adjusted p value < 0.05). In males, low alcohol intake was associated with decreased diurnal triglyceridemia, whereas moderate and high alcohol intake was associated with increased triglycerides after dinner and at bed time.
Highlights
Many factors determine fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides (TG) [1] like gender, age, physical activity, body mass index, dietary habits and genetic factors [2,3,4,5]
ANCOVA was used to test for significant differences in capillary triglyceride (cTG) between alcohol groups at the six independent time-points adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking
Linear regression analysis was used to test for significant differences in diurnal triglyceridemia between the different alcohol groups with and without adjustment for age, BMI and smoking, since BMI closely correlates with TG and alcohol intake interacts with both smoking and TG [29]
Summary
Many factors determine fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides (TG) [1] like gender, age, physical activity, body mass index, dietary habits and genetic factors [2,3,4,5]. The association between alcohol and TG is complex and does not always fit a simple linear association since a J-shaped association between alcohol intake and TG has recently been described [7,8] This reported J-shaped association is similar to the J-shaped association between alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk [9,10,11,12,13]. The effect of alcohol consumption on diurnal triglyceridemia has not yet been studied and data on the impact of alcohol on both fasting and non-fasting TG in an uncontrolled real life situation are limited In this observational study we investigated the impact of alcohol consumption on capillary TG concentrations (cTG) during the day determined in free living male subjects, using a hand-held point-of-care testing device [2,21,22,23,24,25]
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