Abstract
AbstractThis study explores the structure and modulation of diurnal climate over the Abyssinia highlands 7°–15°N, 35°–40°E using hourly satellite and reanalysis data in June–August season for the years 2014–2016. Solar heating generates surface heat fluxes that trigger moisture convergence in the late afternoon. Satellite measured rainfall frequently propagates westward from the highest mountains near 14°N, 38°E at ~7 m s−1 from 1200 to 1800 UTC (3 to 9 p.m. local time). The mean diurnal cycle of reanalysis and satellite (GPM) hourly rainfall are in‐phase and exhibit min/max at 0900/1600 UTC. Diagnostic analysis reveals a 3‐hr delay from surface evaporation to mid‐tropospheric moisture uplift, and another 3‐hr delay to low‐level velocity potential maxima, which together modulate the diurnal rainfall. Morning cooling and convective inhibition over the highlands is just as strong as evening enhancement. Year‐to‐year variations in the amplitude of diurnal rainfall are small and suggest dependable water resources.
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