Diurnal gas exchange characteristics and water use efficiency of three salt-secreting mangroves at low and high salinities

Abstract

Continuous measurements of gas exchange characteristics were made on two to nine year old hydroponically grown Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn, Aegialitis annulata R. Br. and Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco maintained at 50 or 500 mol m∓3 NaCl. In Avicennia germinans and Aegialitis annulata, CO2 assimilation rates were initially higher at 500 mol m−3 NaCl and decreased gradually towards the end of the photoperiod when rates were similar to those at the lower salinity. In Aegiceras corniculatum, assimilation rates were higher at 50 mol m−3 NaCl and about 55% lower at the higher salinity. In all three species, leaf conductance and transpiration exhibited trends similar to those for CO2 assimilation. Intercellular CO2 concentrations were similar at both salinities in Avicennia germinans and Aegialitis annulata, but considerably higher at the lower salinity in Aegiceras corniculatum. Water use efficiencies (WUE), although similar between salinity treatments in Avicennia germinans and Aegialitis annulata, were greater at the higher salinity in Aegiceras corniculatum. Data obtained from CO2 response curves indicated that assimilation at high salinity in Aegiceras corniculatum was limited by conductance, and to a lesser extent, by photosynthetic capacity. In Avicennia germinans and Aegialitis annulata, assimilation was greater at the higher salinity as indicated by increase in both the initial slope and the upper plateau of the CO2 response data. Greater assimilation at high salinity in Avicennia germinans and Aegialitis annulata may be attributed to lower carbon losses via photorespiration and to efficient salt excretion and sequestration.