Diurnal Energy Balance in a Mango Orchard in the Northeast of Pará, Brazil

Paulo Jorge De Oliveira Ponte De Souza Souza,Juliana Chagas Rodrigues,Everaldo Barreiros De Souza,Adriano Marlisom Leão De Sousa

doi:10.1590/0102-7786333012

Paulo Jorge De Oliveira Ponte De Souza Souza, Juliana Chagas Rodrigues + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-7786333012

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Abstract

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the diurnal energy balance during the reproductive stage of two growing seasons of a mango orchard in the northeast of Pará, Brazil. Therefore, a micrometeorological tower was installed and instrumented, in the center of the experimental area, to monitor meteorological variables, besides the phenological evaluation of the mango orchard, which was carried out during growing seasons of 2010-2011 (October 2010 to January 2011) and of 2011-2012 (September 2011 to January 2012). The energy balance was obtained by the bowen ration technique, and the available energy partitioned into heat flux to the ground, sensible heat and latent heat. The amount of rainfall was crucial to the partition of the net radiation in the energy balance components. It provided the variation in the consumption of available energy between 69% and 78% as latent heat flux, and between 23% and 32% as sensible heat flux. The heat flux to the ground was small, representing less than 1% of the net radiation, showing that the mango orchard exhibits good soil cover preventing large variations in soil heating.

Highlights

IntroductionDue to the importance of solar radiation for biophysical processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere (Cosentino et al, 2016; Demotes-Mainard et al, 2016), the quantification of net radiation components and the energy fluxes in vegetated surfaces have been the subject of several researches in different crops, such as sugar cane cultivation (Azevedo et al, 2014), in Capim, Paraíba; vineyards (Pedro Júnior et al, 2015), in São Roque, São Paulo; and in pasture (Webler et al, 2013), in Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia.Depending on the type of ecosystem involved, there is a different pattern of surface interaction with the atmosphere, which is responsible for controlling and regulating the local climate (Costa et al, 2007)
Data quality control resulted in gaps in the bowen ratio series which corresponded to 10.7% of the whole series during crop 1 in all phases
The magnitude of the accuracy of errors generated by a sensor similar to that used in the work is acceptable, providing estimates of sensible heat fluxes with errors (RMSE) of only 8 and 38 Wm-2 when compared with results obtained by a dew point generator and an eddy covariance system, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Due to the importance of solar radiation for biophysical processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere (Cosentino et al, 2016; Demotes-Mainard et al, 2016), the quantification of net radiation components and the energy fluxes in vegetated surfaces have been the subject of several researches in different crops, such as sugar cane cultivation (Azevedo et al, 2014), in Capim, Paraíba; vineyards (Pedro Júnior et al, 2015), in São Roque, São Paulo; and in pasture (Webler et al, 2013), in Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia.Depending on the type of ecosystem involved, there is a different pattern of surface interaction with the atmosphere, which is responsible for controlling and regulating the local climate (Costa et al, 2007). The vegetative cover is a determinant factor in the energy balance of the surface, with a greater variation in proportions of sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE) and heat flux in the ground (G) when compared to the net radiation (Rnet) during the cycle of annual crops, for example (Lima et al, 2011; Souza et al, 2012). Perennial crops, such as mango tree, when they reach maturity, tend to consume most of the available energy as latent and sensible heat flux (Teixeira and Bastiaanssen, 2012), while small proportions are designed to the ground heat flow, due to the size of the trees which provides greater interception of solar radiation and soil cover (Silva et al, 2007). In the irrigated agriculture practice, knowledge of the crop evapotranspiration is considered fundamental (Campos et al, 2008), which can be estimated through knowledge of energy in the form of latent heat (Souza et al, 2016), which would help in the management and use of this technology in the region due to the scarcity of studies of this nature

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