Abstract
Diurnal variations of gravity waves over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer 2015 were investigated based on high-resolution downscaled simulations from WRF-EnKF (Weather Research and Forecasting model and an ensemble Kalman filter) regional reanalysis data with particular emphasis on wave source, wave momentum fluxes and wave energies. Strong diurnal precipitations, which mainly happen along the south slope of the TP, tend to excite upward-propagating gravity waves. The spatial and temporal distributions of the momentum fluxes of small-scale (10–200 km) and meso-scale (200–500 km) gravity waves agree well with the diurnal precipitation distributions. The power spectra of momentum fluxes also show that the small- and meso-scale atmospheric processes become important during the period of the strongest rainfall. Eastward momentum fluxes and northward momentum fluxes are dominant. Wave energies are described in terms of kinetic energy (KE), potential energy (PE) and vertical fluctuation energy (VE). The diurnal variation and spatial distribution of VE in the lower stratosphere correspond to the diurnal rainfall in the troposphere.
Highlights
Gravity wave is an important phenomenon which interacts with a wide variety of atmospheric processes at almost all scales [1,2]
The goal of this study is to explore wave source, temporal and spatial distribution of the gravity wave momentum fluxes, and wave energies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region
The power spectrahigh-resolution of momentum fluxes show that small-scale gravity waves wavelengths shorterdata
Summary
Gravity wave is an important phenomenon which interacts with a wide variety of atmospheric processes at almost all scales [1,2]. It can transfer energy excited by small- and meso-scale atmospheric processes in the troposphere to large-scale circulations above the upper troposphere [1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is the highest plateau in Asia, is an important source of mountain waves. The mean the zonal3-month wind shifts direction between troposphere andheight stratosphere.
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