Abstract
Dittrichia graveolens L. Greuter belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an aromatic herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean region. This plant species has been extensively studied for its biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase, and for its peculiar metabolic profile. In particular, bioactivities are related to terpenes and flavonoids metabolites, such as borneol (40), tomentosin (189), inuviscolide (204). However, D. graveolens is also well known for causing health problems both in animals and humans. Moreover, the species is currently undergoing a dramatic northward expansion of its native range related to climate change, now including North Europe, California, and Australia. This review represents an updated overview of the 52 literature papers published in Scopus and PubMed dealing with expansion, chemistry (262 different compounds), pharmacological effects, and toxicology of D. graveolens up to October 2021. The review is intended to boost further studies to determine the molecular pathways involved in the observed activities, bioavailability, and clinical studies to explore new potential applications.
Highlights
The genus Dittrichia belongs to the family of Asteraceae and includes five species native to the Mediterranean basin [1], two of which are currently widespread in other regions [2,3,4]
Coinciding with recent climate change in central Europe, the species is currently undergoing a dramatic northward expansion of its native range which includes the UK, the Netherlands, and Poland. This range expansion may in part have been promoted by the rapid evolution of earlier flowering time in northern populations over the past few decades
As reported by Souri and Shakeri in 2020 [31], aerial parts of D. graveolens extracted with different percentages of methanol and water by microwave showed the highest yield of phenols and tannins
Summary
Coinciding with recent climate change in central Europe, the species is currently undergoing a dramatic northward expansion of its native range which includes the UK, the Netherlands, and Poland. Due to their adaptation to disturbed open habitats as well as their efficient seed production and dispersal [6], species of Dittrichia are considered invasive in California [3,7], Australia [2], and recently colonized areas of Europe [8]. Of anThis external application treat primarily lice in chicken [9].roadsides and grows well in disturbed herbal plant is to found along This herbal plantsites is found roadsides and grows in heavy disturbed upland and wetland on a primarily variety ofalong substrates, including soilswell with metals.
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