Abstract
Disturbance of sodium and water is the most common disorders in clinical practice because of high prevalence of diseases associated with dehydration. Hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 135mmol/L) and hypernatremia (serum sodium level above 145mmol/L) are common in hospitalized children and it is an independent mortality risk factor in intensive care. The aim of this article is to review the main reasons of hyponatremia and hypernatremia and present the guidelines of treatment.
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