Abstract
Dental enamel is a structure that is formed as a result of the regular functioning of ameloblasts. The knowledge of the patterns of enamel secretion allows an analysis of their disruptions manifested in pronounced additional accentuated lines. These lines represent a physiological response to stress experienced during enamel development. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of accentuated lines in the tooth enamel of autistic boys. The width of the neonatal line and the periodicity of the striae of Retzius were also assessed. The study material consisted of longitudinal ground sections of 56 primary teeth (incisors and molars): 22 teeth from autistic children and 34 teeth from the control group. The Mann–Whitney U test indicates that the accentuated lines were found significantly more often in autistic children (Z = 3.03; p = 0.002). No differentiation in the rate of enamel formation and in the rate of regaining homeostasis after childbirth were found. The obtained results may indicate a higher sensitivity of autistic children to stress factors, manifested in more frequent disturbances in the functioning of ameloblasts or may be a reflection of differences in the occurrence of stress factors in the first years of life in both analyzed groups.
Highlights
Dental enamel is a structure that is formed as a result of the regular functioning of ameloblasts
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are genetic in origin, it is known that a variety of environmental preconceptions and prenatal influences plays a critical role in their emergence and in their subsequent course[2,3]
Knowledge of enamel secretion patterns of the various tooth t ypes[10,11,12,13,14,15] allows an analysis of their disruptions manifested in pronounced additional accentuated lines[7,15]. These lines are indicative of mineralization disturbances and of a slower rate of enamel formation by the ameloblasts present in the enamel-forming front at a given time, and they represent a physiological response to the stress experienced during enamel d evelopment[16,17,18,19]
Summary
Dental enamel is a structure that is formed as a result of the regular functioning of ameloblasts. The knowledge of the patterns of enamel secretion allows an analysis of their disruptions manifested in pronounced additional accentuated lines These lines represent a physiological response to stress experienced during enamel development. Knowledge of enamel secretion patterns of the various tooth t ypes[10,11,12,13,14,15] allows an analysis of their disruptions manifested in pronounced additional accentuated lines[7,15] These lines are indicative of mineralization disturbances and of a slower rate of enamel formation by the ameloblasts present in the enamel-forming front at a given time, and they represent a physiological response to the stress experienced during enamel d evelopment[16,17,18,19]. It separates the enamel formed prenatally from that formed postnatally, and its width is connected with perinatal factors, including the duration of delivery and the type of delivery, with the intake of certain medicines by the mother or with the child’s season of birth[10,28,29,30]
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