Abstract
This study presents a mathematical optimization model for planning topology and capacity of a district cooling network. The model relies on a mixed-integer linear programming formulation to find the most economic network layout while satisfying redundancy criteria against unavailability of cooling stations. The simplicity of the formulation makes it easy to embed in other models or to extend it to other redundancy cases. The model is applied to a case study in the central business district of Singapore. Results show that district cooling is a profitable option for Singapore, especially due to its constant high cooling demand that is currently satisfied mainly through decentralized cooling units. This result generalizes to tropical cities world-wide with high cooling demand density.
Highlights
District cooling has been established in many countries
We model a district cooling network for the central business district (CBD) of Singapore
When revenue is further reduced, between 0.08 and 0.06 S$/kWh, the optimal network drops from satisfying 1200 MW to 0 MW. This value range can be taken as a lower bound for profitability of a district cooling system
Summary
District cooling has been established in many countries. Especially in bigger cities, it offers an energy efficient alternative to individual generation of cooling power at the site of customers. That model has been adapted for optimization of district cooling systems and applied in a small case study for the city center of Munich [23]. To improve performance for large study regions, the model employs a linearized cost function for sizing the thermal pipe capacity.
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