Distributional archaeology in central San Jorge gulf sector (Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina)

Abstract

In this paper, results of archaeological studies conducted in the central San Jorge gulf sector (north coast of Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina) are presented. A distributional approach was employed, and a systematic surface sampling in several landscape units were performed, registering all lithic artifacts and other variables that could influence the archaeological visibility. The landscape units identified in this sector were: high plateau, plateau flank, cañadón León, temporary lagoons, and coast. The artifactual assemblage recovered is presented, analyzed and discussed in relation to several archaeological expectations derived from the resource availability of the different landscape units. Results are discussed in relation to ways in which these landscape units could have been used by hunter–gatherer populations that inhabited this sector during Late Holocene, considering the differential availability of resources of importance to Patagonian human groups. In this sense, the archaeological expectations were contrasted, with higher densities near the coast and lower densities on inland landscape units. Among the first, the availability of alimentary resources (mainly shellfish, fish and pinniped) would have produced longer residential settlement. Among inland landscape units, some differences were observed, which were related to variation in resources availability, such as fresh water sources and lithic raw materials. In this latter, more variability than anticipated according to the archaeological expectations was detected.