Distribution uniformity in drip units applying dilutions of treated water produced by oil exploration

Hudson S M Vale,Francisco De A De Oliveira,Danniely O Costa,Rafael O Batista,Daniela Da C L Coelho,José F De Medeiros

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n6p394-401

Hudson S M Vale, Francisco De A De Oliveira + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n6p394-401

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the uniformity of distribution in drip units applying dilutions of treated water produced by oil exploration. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design in a split-split-plot scheme, with three replicates. The plots were composed of the treatments P0 - 100% groundwater, control; P10 - 90% groundwater and 10% produced water; P20 - 80% groundwater and 20% produced water; P30 - 70% groundwater and 30% produced water; and P40 - 60% groundwater and 40% produced water; the subplots had the types of non-pressure compensating drippers (D1 - 1.6 L h-1, Netafim Super Typhoon, D2 - 1.6 L h-1, Netafim Streamline and D3 - 1.7 L h-1, NaanDanJain TalDrip); and the sub-subplots contained the evaluation times (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 h). Distribution uniformity and statistical uniformity coefficients were evaluated every 40 h, until completing 160 h. The pH of the dilutions was the attribute posing the highest risk of clogging to the emitters. Also in relation to dilutions, P40 caused greater application non-uniformity in D2, while the highest values of application uniformity were achieved in treatments P10 and P20 with D1 and D3, indicating the effectiveness of dilution in minimizing clogging.

Highlights

During the productive life of an oil field, there is simultaneous production of gas, oil and water (Haghshenas & Nasr-El-Din, 2014)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the uniformity of distribution in drip units applying dilutions of treated water produced by oil exploration
The dilutions were performed with graduated buckets and stored in the downstream reservoirs of each bench, corresponding to each treatment, which were based on the results found by Costa (2018), who found that the treatment with 75% of supply water and 25% of the treated produced water had the best effects on sunflower irrigation

Summary

Introduction

During the productive life of an oil field, there is simultaneous production of gas, oil and water (Haghshenas & Nasr-El-Din, 2014). When properly treated, this water can become an alternative to irrigate crops whose products are not directly intended for human consumption (Weber et al, 2017). Studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of treated oil produced water in agricultural crops (Sousa et al, 2016; Meneses et al, 2017; Pica et al, 2017; Costa et al, 2019b). Among the methods of irrigation, from an environmental point of view, localized irrigation is the most recommended for the disposal of wastewater in the environment, due to the high efficiency of application of the effluent and the low risk of contamination of the agricultural product and operators in the field (Rowan et al, 2013)

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Results

Conclusion