Distribution regularity and habitats of Salt Tree [Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss] in Georgia (South Caucasus)

Abstract

Abstract The studies have been made on the area, habitats and condition for the rare species of the flora of Georgia - Halimodendron halodendron. Its main area is the Iori plateau, including the North side territory of David Gareja monastery complex and Jangiriskhevi gorge (Karaduzi). H. halodendron is spread on the banks of ravines, terraces, plain places and slopes, elevation - approximately 530–650 msl. Growing in moist and semi-moist, as well as in dry and semidry ecotypes. Its main habitats are mesophilous and xeromesophilous shrubberies, where it is represented as a dominant-edificator. H. halodendron also invades hemixerophilous shrubberies of shibliak type. It is rarely in hemixerophilous communities of steppe. The studies on density, distribution, height and life condition of H. halodendron has been done according to the habitats. The accompanied species, main physical-geographical and phytosociological characteristics, use and level of disturbance for each habitat are given below. The conditions and vitality of H. halodendron is discussed in connection with various biotic and abiotic factors (vegetation, topography, soil, moisture and grazing).