Distribution patterns of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae s.s.) in the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeast Brazil

Abstract

Passiflora L. is the most representative genus of Passifloraceae. In Brazil, its species are widely distributed through phytogeographic domains and altitudinal gradients, including the Atlantic montane forests of the Southeast region. In these forest remnants, expressive species richness has been found. The aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution patterns and status conservation of Passiflora species in Serra da Mantiqueira (SM), a mountain range located in southeastern Brazil that stands out for its high biological diversity. We obtained data on species distribution through collections in the field, herbaria collections and compiled online databases, which were plotted on shapefile overlay maps. Species richness, collection effort and similarity among grid squares were analyzed for the taxa recorded. To evaluate distribution patterns by altitudinal gradient, we employed a similarity analysis by altitude class and a test of significance. Considering the states that encompass the SM, Minas Gerais showed the highest Passiflora richness. On the other hand, grid square 13, located in the mountainous region of Espirito Santo state, concentrated the greatest species richness. Similarity analysis between grid squares pointed to the Septentrional area of SM having the most diverse floristic composition. We observed the highest richness and occurrence record between 500 and 1500 m. A gradual change in species composition occurred along the altitudinal gradients, with decline in richness from 1000 m. Around 85% of the species were recorded outside protected areas, reinforcing the need for actions for their conservation through the expansion or creation of conservation units.